With the onset of monsoon, there is an exponential increase in the cases of snake bite. The incidence of such cases is seen more frequently in people living in densely populated low altitude agricultural areas. India takes the lead in contributing to a significant proportion of incidents of snake bite and snake bite deaths across the globe.
The snakes which are predominantly involved in snakebites in India, sometimes referred to as the "Big Four" are -
Let's see how to handle the first aid in a situation of a snake bite -
2)Reassure the patient - Majority of snake bites are a result of bite from a non venous snake and the bites from a venomous snake does not lead to death immediately. 70% of all snakebites are by nonvenomous snakes and 50% of bites by venomous species are dry bites.
3) Immobilize the patient - The patient should be kept still. The bitten limb is immobilized using a splint ( by bandage or clothes).
Note : Tight arterial compression is contraindicated. Tourniquets should not be used as they can cause distal limb injuries if applied too tightly or are left on for too long.
4) In certain regions - applying a pressure pad over the bite site as in Myanmar or a pressure immobilization bandage is recommended as in Australia, New Guinea (only for bites by neurotoxic snakes which do not cause local swelling)
5)Transporting the patient to a health care center : The first priority would be to transport the victim to the nearest health facility at the earliest. Patients may develop shock or respiratory failure en route so it is important that the means of transport be equipped to handle these problems.
6) There is a chance that vomiting may occur. To prevent the obstruction of the upper airway, keep the patient on their left side with mouth turned down.
What you shouldn't be doing -
1) Cut and suck.
2)Using snake stones - used as folk medicine to treat a snake bite.
3) Applying a tourniquet.
4) Local applications of an ice pack.
5)Tattooing at the site of bite.
What else can be done?
Identify the type of snake but remember not to trap the snake.
Wear protective footwear.
DISCLAIMER : All the articles in this website are intended for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for a doctor's medical advice.
REFERENCES
3) Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 23rd Edition - Page 157.
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