It is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. TS is an inherited disorder. Environmental factors also are known to trigger stress.
What are the Symptoms?
Simple tics are sudden, brief, repetitive and involve only a limited number of muscle groups like repetitive throat clearing, sniffing, eye blinking
Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several groups of muscles.
More complex tics:
Verbal -
Coprolalia: uttering socially inappropriate words that occur in only 10-15% of people suffering from Tourette syndrome.
Echolalia: Repeating the words and phrases of others.
Motor Copropraxia: obscene gestures. Echopraxia: repeating the movements of others.
Associations
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(ADHD) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
What is a premonitory urge? Some tics are preceded by an urge or sensation in the affected muscle group, commonly called a premonitory urge.
Diagnosis
TS is a diagnosis that doctors make after verifying that the patient has had both motor(>2) and vocal(>1) tics for at least 1 year.
No Treatment unless tics interfere the normal functioning.
MEDICATIONS:
clonidine and guanfacine are first-line drugs used. Neuroleptics (haloperidol,pimozide)
MANAGEMENT
Cognitive-behavioral therapy Habit reversal training Reduce anxiety or depression
Reference
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-CaregiverEducation/Fact-Sheets/Tourette-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet#3231_7
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